REM sleep behavior disorder (including parasomnia overlap disorder and status dissociatus) Parasomnias usually associated with REM sleep Other circadian rhythm sleep disorder due to drug or substanceĭisorders of arousal (from non-REM sleep) Physiological (organic) hypersomnia, unspecified (organic hypersomnia, NOS)Ĭircadian rhythm sleep disorder, delayed sleep phase type Ĭircadian rhythm sleep disorder, advanced sleep phase type Ĭircadian rhythm sleep disorder, irregular sleep-wake type Ĭircadian rhythm sleep disorder, free-running (none trained) type Ĭircadian rhythm sleep disorder, jet lag type Ĭircadian rhythm sleep disorder, shift work type Ĭircadian rhythm sleep disorders due to medical condition Hypersomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition Idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time īehaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time Sleep apnea/sleep related breathing disorder, unspecified Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemia due to neuromuscular or chest wall disorders Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemia due to lower airways obstruction Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemia due to pulmonary parenchymal or vascular pathology Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemia due to a medical condition Sleep-related nonobstructive alveolar hypoventilation, bidiopathic Ĭongenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemic syndromes Physiological (organic) insomnia, unspecified (organic insomnia, NOS) Ĭentral sleep apnea due to Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern Ĭentral sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing Ĭentral sleep apnea due to a medical condition, not Cheyne-StokesĬentral sleep apnea due to a drug or substance
Insomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition, unspecified Insomnia due to medical condition (code also the associated medical condition) Paradoxical insomnia (formerly sleep state misperception) īehavioral insomnia of childhood The current classification system is undergoing review and is being updated.Īdjustment sleep disorder (acute insomnia) In 2005, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders underwent minor updates and modifications resulting in version 2 (ICSD-2) (Table 1). The ICSD classification, developed primarily for diagnostic, epidemiologic, and at the time, research purposes, has been widely used by clinicians and has allowed improved international communication in sleep disorder research. In 1990, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) was published through the efforts of major international sleep societies at that time, such as the American Sleep Disorders Association (ASDA), European Sleep Research Society, the Japanese Society of Sleep Research, and the Latin American Sleep Society. The first major classification of sleep disorders, the Diagnostic Classification of Sleep and Arousal Disorders, published in 1979, organized the sleep disorders into symptomatic categories to form the basis of the current classification systems. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, version 2 provides relevant diagnostic and epidemiological information on sleep disorders to more easily differentiate between the disorders. This organization of sleep disorders is necessary because of the varied nature and because the pathophysiology for many of the disorders is still unknown. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, version 2, published in 2005 and currently undergoing revision, combines a symptomatic presentation (e.g., insomnia) with 1 organized in part on pathophysiology (e.g., circadian rhythms) and in part on body systems (e.g., breathing disorders). These 3 symptom-based categories are easily understood by physicians and are therefore useful for developing a differential diagnosis. The earliest classification systems, largely organized according to major symptoms (insomnia, excessive sleepiness, and abnormal events that occur during sleep), were unable to be based on pathophysiology because the cause of most sleep disorders was unknown. The classification of sleep disorders is necessary to discriminate between disorders and to facilitate an understanding of symptoms, etiology, and pathophysiology that allows for appropriate treatment.
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